Sample paper

sample paper

Answer key

OTBA theme --Take care- sample questions

1. Experts consider the digestive system as mini brain. Justify the statement.
2. Serotonin is a mood controlling hormone but its physiology is more assosciated with the gut and not with the brain. Explain.
3. Sometimes we make decisions not only by analysing the situation but also on the basis of our intuitions . These decisions may or may not be right. Discusss, what is an intuitive decision making process.
4. Stress is a large contributing factor towards complications of the gastrointestinal system. Write a note about the inter relationship between stress and gastrointestinal system.
5. Scientists have nicknamed the Enteric Nervous system as  second brain. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of ENS which has led to it being called the second brain?
6. Discuss the process of digestion both mechanically and chemically. Also write about the absorption of various nutrients throughout the process of digestion.
7. About 80% people with inflammatory Bowel Disease d not discuss their symptoms with a doctor. This eventually worsen their situation. Discuss about IBD and the various symptoms related to IBD which help in its diagnosis.
8. Why often anti- depressant medications such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) taken by the people with stress , causes gastrointestinal issues in them.
9. Some patients with stress issues are advised by the doctor to go on for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CPT), interpersonal Therapy, relaxation therapy or any other form of counselling. Describe the various methodologies used in these therapies? Also tell, why is CBT more popularly used in the cases of stress along with Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
10. Crohn's disease and acid reflux disease , both are assosciated with abnormal functioning of our digestive system. In what way are these diseases different?
11. It is estimated that 80% of our well being depends upon how our stomach feels and stress can upset stomach to create gut problem. Explain this two way connection.
12. On recommendations and supportive justifications of Govt of India , world observed 21st june as International Yoga Day. Can you suggest the purpose behind this?
13. Why do we say that gut flora have a continuous and dynamic effect on the host's gut and ystemic immune system?
14. Discuss how could our gut bacteria influence the brain and our behaviour?
15. A baby's immune system is almost entirely dependent on the mother's breast-milk for immune protection from its environment and it also can help in cobating with gut problems. Explain.
16. Antibiotics are considered as the keystone of modern medicine but their excessive use continues to generate unwanted side effects. Can you write about any five consequences of overusing antibiotics?
17. Biofilms are an essential part of the  healing and sealing ' of your gut. Now answer the following questions related to this statement: 

• What are biofilms?
• How are they formed in gut flora?
• What is the role of biofilms in your gut?

Beneficial bacteria better known as probiotics are so crucial to health that researchers have compared them to a newly recognised organ.

Relating to the above statement answer the following questions:

What are probiotics?

Name the health problems in which probiotics are taken.

Write down the claimed benefits of using probiotics.

The human gut is an amazing piece of work. The bacteria in our gut are responsible for regulation of various important physiological functions of our body. Make a list of the various important physiological functions that our gut bacteria perform.

According to Time Magazine "Our surprisingly complex internal ecology has been a hot topic in medicie lately". Therefore a new project was launched in 2008 i.e. Human Microbiome Project (HMP), an extension of the Human Genome Project (HGP).

Answer the following questions related to the above paragraph:

What was Human Genome Project ? Why was it launched?

Explain briefly what is Human Microbiome Project.

What are the goals relating to Human Microbiome project?

What are the clinical and pharmaceutical applications of HMP?

The Ambient Air--- Sample questions for practise

Theme : The ambient air

Some sample questions for practice.

Ø  People working with marble, tiles, paints etc. often suffer from disorders that cannot be avoided. Do you agree with the statement? If yes, define about the diseases or disorders faced by such workers.

Ø  Roshan aged 48 works in a coal mine as a worker. He is complaining of shortness of breath and dry cough since few months. These symptoms indicate about which diseases? What has lead him to such situation? What are the symptoms as the disease advances?

Ø  The Factories Act is a legal provision to safeguard the health and safety of the workers. However there are few sectors that are not under its ambit. Name some of these industries. What are the problems faced by workers there? How can these problems be prevented and controlled?

Ø  Asbestos is a widely used material in the building and construction industries, despite it being a health hazard for the people working in the industries. What are the various health problems assosciated with it? Explain in brief.

Ø  Pneumoconiosis is considered as an occupational disorder related to industries and mines. But there have been instances where people living in area with no industries and mines have been reported of being suffering from this disorder. Narrate such an incident and state what other reasons could cause pneumoconiosis.

Ø  In India, as we all know, the cotton textile industry is the largest modern industry with about 1.07 million workers engaged in it, the workers of this industry are at risk of contacting a lethal disease. Name the disease and discuss its symptoms also.

Ø  To discourage people from smoking, Govt of India has made it mandatory for the cigarettes companies to print a statutory warning on the cigarette pack.

(1)   What is the warning on cigarette packing in India?

(2)   Despite the warning, why do people continue to smoke?

(3)   What actually is smoking? What does cigarette smoke contain?

Ø  Smoking is assosciated with innumerable health risks. It is known to damage nearly every part of the body and reduces the health of smokers in general. Justify the statement.

Ø  In today’s world almost everyone is prone to the risk of smoking. How true is this? What are the dangers assosciated with it?

Ø  Though not completely effective but still the govt has taken certain initiatives to control smoking. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

Ø  Recent surveys in many cities of India showed poor quality of air and the presence of unwanted chemicals, microorganisms etc. in the air. The people of these cities were held responsible for it. The govt. decided to adopt strict rules for maintaining the air quality and to spread awareness to sensitize people.

(1)   What can be inferred from given data?

(2)   How are people responsible for the poor air quality?

(3)   What caused the deterioration of air quality?

Ø  The WHO has shown its concern towards increasing number of deaths every year due to air pollution. Mention the health and environmental effects of air pollution that are a cause of concern worldwide.

Ø  AQI is a number that is used by govt agencies to spread awareness among public about how polluted the air is or how polluted it is to become. With Delhi being termed as one of the most polluted cities in the world, the govt. has launched its national AQI.

(a)    What is AQI? What is its significance?

(b)   When is it launched in India? Name the cities that are currently part of it.

(c)    Two cities recorded the AQI as 45 and 350respectively. Where would you like to live?

Ø  Looking at the grim scenario of air pollution, it is the need of the hour that govt as well as people should take serious actions. Mention some of the measures that can be taken to reduce or control air pollution.

Ø  The poor man’s material is ironically proving to be highly expressive. Explain.

Ø  One may not be conscious about the presence of household pollution but the smoke, fumes and dust particles may cling on to the upholstery, furniture and other materials. Suggest any five measures that can be adopted by you to help mitigate indoor air pollution.

Ø  Discuss the impact of pollutants on our health and environment, which is continuously making millions sick and shorten lives. Explain by giving some examples.

Ø  It seems that humans are creating a ‘prison of death’ in which all mankind about to be trapped automatically.  Justify this statement in relation to environmental pollution.

Ø  What are the challenges, countries are facing and what obstacles are preventing assistance in improving air quality?

Ø  “The workers of cement industry are making the material of other’s house and destroying their own home.” Can you justify this statement in relation to lung cancer?

Ø  Sometimes occupation becomes Hangman’s noose for the workers who are actively involved in the industry like textile, dye, metal, asbestos etc.

Ø  The respiratory system of humans can be affected by a number of disorders. Give any four such disorders and also state its causes, symptoms, preventions and its cure.

Ø  Study the graph carefully and answer the questions that follow:

(1)   What can be inferred from the data?

(2)   Why is tobacco education essential in low income individuals?

(3)   Why are high school level students more attracted to smoking?

Ø  In the fig. given below, identify which type of pollution is referred here and explain how this pollution deteriorates the environment. Also, explain the main causes of this pollution.

Work to be done during winter break

Complete the practical project report .
Complete Your practical file.
Read the Open text book material - both theme I and theme II . ( to be discussed by students after winter break). Plz refer to the questions at the end of text before going through the text.

Happy holidays...