Friday 22 January 2016

OTBA theme --Take care- sample questions


  1. Experts consider the digestive system as mini brain. Justify the statement.
  2. Serotonin is a mood controlling hormone but its physiology is more assosciated with the gut and not with the brain. Explain.
  3. Sometimes we make decisions not only by analysing the situation but also on the basis of our intuitions . These decisions may or may not be right. Discusss, what is an intuitive decision making process.
  4. Stress is a large contributing factor towards complications of the gastrointestinal system. Write a note about the inter relationship between stress and gastrointestinal system.
  5. Scientists have nicknamed the Enteric Nervous system as  second brain. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of ENS which has led to it being called the second brain?
  6. Discuss the process of digestion both mechanically and chemically. Also write about the absorption of various nutrients throughout the process of digestion.
  7. About 80% people with inflammatory Bowel Disease d not discuss their symptoms with a doctor. This eventually worsen their situation. Discuss about IBD and the various symptoms related to IBD which help in its diagnosis.
  8. Why often anti- depressant medications such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) taken by the people with stress , causes gastrointestinal issues in them.
  9. Some patients with stress issues are advised by the doctor to go on for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CPT), interpersonal Therapy, relaxation therapy or any other form of counselling. Describe the various methodologies used in these therapies? Also tell, why is CBT more popularly used in the cases of stress along with Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
  10. Crohn's disease and acid reflux disease , both are assosciated with abnormal functioning of our digestive system. In what way are these diseases different?
  11. It is estimated that 80% of our well being depends upon how our stomach feels and stress can upset stomach to create gut problem. Explain this two way connection.
  12. On recommendations and supportive justifications of Govt of India , world observed 21st june as International Yoga Day. Can you suggest the purpose behind this?
  13. Why do we say that gut flora have a continuous and dynamic effect on the host's gut and ystemic immune system?
  14. Discuss how could our gut bacteria influence the brain and our behaviour?
  15. A baby's immune system is almost entirely dependent on the mother's breast-milk for immune protection from its environment and it also can help in cobating with gut problems. Explain.
  16. Antibiotics are considered as the keystone of modern medicine but their excessive use continues to generate unwanted side effects. Can you write about any five consequences of overusing antibiotics?
  17. Biofilms are an essential part of the  healing and sealing ' of your gut. Now answer the following questions related to this statement: 
  • What are biofilms?
  • How are they formed in gut flora?
  • What is the role of biofilms in your gut?
Beneficial bacteria better known as probiotics are so crucial to health that researchers have compared them to a newly recognised organ.
Relating to the above statement answer the following questions:
What are probiotics?
Name the health problems in which probiotics are taken.
Write down the claimed benefits of using probiotics.

The human gut is an amazing piece of work. The bacteria in our gut are responsible for regulation of various important physiological functions of our body. Make a list of the various important physiological functions that our gut bacteria perform.

According to Time Magazine "Our surprisingly complex internal ecology has been a hot topic in medicie lately". Therefore a new project was launched in 2008 i.e. Human Microbiome Project (HMP), an extension of the Human Genome Project (HGP).
Answer the following questions related to the above paragraph:
What was Human Genome Project ? Why was it launched?
Explain briefly what is Human Microbiome Project.
What are the goals relating to Human Microbiome project?
What are the clinical and pharmaceutical applications of HMP?


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